Question 1

What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

Accepted Answer

CKD is a condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time. It is classified into 5 stages based on GFR. Early detection and management by a nephrologist like Dr. Anil Prasad Bhatt can slow progression significantly.

Question 2

What are the 5 stages of CKD?

Accepted Answer

Stage 1: GFR 90+ (normal function with signs of damage). Stage 2: GFR 60-89 (mild). Stage 3a: GFR 45-59, Stage 3b: GFR 30-44 (moderate). Stage 4: GFR 15-29 (severe). Stage 5: GFR below 15 (kidney failure, dialysis needed).

Question 3

When do I need dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Dialysis is typically needed when GFR drops below 15 (Stage 5 CKD) or when symptoms like severe fluid overload, high potassium, or uremic symptoms appear. Your nephrologist will guide the timing.

Question 4

What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Hemodialysis filters blood through a machine, usually 3 times/week at a center. Peritoneal dialysis uses the abdominal lining as a filter and can be done at home daily. Both are effective; Dr. Bhatt can help choose the best option.

Question 5

What foods should kidney patients avoid?

Accepted Answer

Kidney patients should limit sodium (salt), potassium (bananas, oranges, potatoes), phosphorus (dairy, nuts, colas), and protein intake depending on CKD stage. A renal dietitian can create a personalized plan.

Question 6

What is a normal creatinine level?

Accepted Answer

Normal creatinine is 0.7-1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6-1.1 mg/dL for women. Elevated creatinine may indicate reduced kidney function and should be evaluated by a nephrologist.

Question 7

Can kidney disease be reversed?

Accepted Answer

Early-stage CKD (stages 1-2) can sometimes be stabilized or improved with proper treatment. Advanced CKD is generally not reversible, but progression can be slowed with medications, diet, and lifestyle changes.

Question 8

Who is eligible for kidney transplant?

Accepted Answer

Patients with Stage 5 CKD or end-stage renal disease are eligible. Evaluation includes cardiac fitness, cancer screening, and infection tests. Both living and deceased donor transplants are available.

Question 9

What is home hemodialysis?

Accepted Answer

Home hemodialysis allows patients to perform dialysis at home with a compact machine. It offers more frequent sessions, better outcomes, and greater flexibility. Dr. Bhatt is a leading advocate of home HD in India.

Question 10

What are early signs of kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Early signs include foamy urine, swelling in feet/ankles, fatigue, frequent urination at night, loss of appetite, and persistent itching. Many patients have no symptoms until advanced stages, making regular testing crucial.

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